Removal of Excess Tartar from Teeth: A Comprehensive Guide
Oral hygiene plays a pivotal role in overall health, yet many people underestimate the importance of regular dental care. One of the most common yet overlooked issues in dental health is the buildup of tartar on teeth. Tartar, also known as dental calculus, is a hardened form of dental plaque that can lead to severe dental problems if not addressed promptly. This article explores what tartar is, how it forms, its effects on oral health, and most importantly, the methods used to remove it effectively.
What Is Tartar?
Tartar is a crusty deposit that forms on the teeth when plaque — a sticky film of bacteria — is not removed and calcifies. Unlike plaque, which can be removed with brushing and flossing, tartar is much harder and requires professional dental tools to eliminate. Tartar can form above and below the gumline, and if not treated, can cause gum disease and tooth decay.
How Tartar Forms
Plaque Formation: After eating, sugars and starches in food interact with bacteria in the mouth to form plaque.
Mineralization: If plaque is not removed within 24 to 72 hours, minerals in saliva cause it to harden into tartar.
Tartar Buildup: Over time, tartar accumulates and creates a rough surface that attracts more plaque, perpetuating a cycle of buildup.
Risks Associated with Excess Tartar
Excessive tartar buildup is more than just a cosmetic issue. It has serious implications for oral and overall health.
Gingivitis: Tartar irritates the gums, leading to inflammation, redness, and bleeding.
Periodontitis: Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a severe gum disease that can lead to tooth loss.
Cavities: Tartar traps plaque against the enamel, increasing the risk of decay.
Bad Breath: The bacteria within tartar produce foul-smelling compounds.
Systemic Health Issues: Studies suggest links between gum disease and heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory issues.
Methods of Tartar Removal
1. Professional Dental Cleaning
The most effective way to remove tartar is through professional cleaning performed by a dentist or dental hygienist.
Scaling: This involves using specialized tools to scrape tartar from the surface of the teeth and beneath the gumline. Ultrasonic scalers may also be used to break down larger deposits using vibrations and water.
Polishing: After scaling, the teeth are polished to smooth the surface and remove stains.
Fluoride Treatment: Often, a fluoride application follows cleaning to strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity.
2. Root Planing (Deep Cleaning)
For advanced tartar buildup below the gumline, root planing may be necessary. This process smooths the roots of the teeth to help gums reattach and prevent further bacterial colonization.
3. Home Dental Care
While tartar cannot be removed at home once it forms, good oral hygiene can prevent it from accumulating:
Brushing Twice Daily: Use a fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled brush.
Flossing Daily: This removes plaque between teeth that brushing misses.
Tartar-Control Toothpaste: These contain pyrophosphates or zinc citrate to prevent plaque hardening.
Mouthwash: Antibacterial mouthwashes can reduce plaque-forming bacteria.
Tools Used by Dentists
Manual Scalers and Curettes: Sharp tools used to scrape off tartar.
Ultrasonic Scalers: Use high-frequency vibrations to dislodge tartar with water irrigation.
Polishing Cups and Paste: Smooth out tooth surfaces post-scaling.
Dental Mirrors and Probes: Allow visibility and access to difficult areas.
Frequency of Tartar Removal
Most dentists recommend a professional cleaning every six months, although individuals with significant buildup, gum disease, or orthodontic appliances may need more frequent visits.
Preventing Tartar Formation
Maintain a consistent oral hygiene routine.
Avoid sugary and starchy foods that promote plaque.
Stay hydrated to ensure saliva flow, which naturally helps cleanse the mouth.
Avoid tobacco products, which increase plaque and tartar formation.
Regularly visit your dentist for check-ups and cleanings.
Conclusion
Tartar removal is essential for maintaining not only oral health but also overall well-being. While daily brushing and flossing can prevent tartar from forming, once it has developed, only a dental professional can remove it effectively. By understanding the risks associated with tartar buildup and adopting preventative measures, individuals can protect their teeth and gums from long-term damage. Prioritizing oral health today lays the foundation for a healthier future.